Open Access
Review
(Published
online: 05-03-2016)
3.
Effect of heat stress on reproductive
performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review -
Soumya Dash, A. K. Chakravarty, Avtar Singh, Arpan Upadhyay,
Manvendra Singh and Saleem Yousuf
Veterinary World, 9(3): 235-244
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244
Soumya Dash:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; soumya.agb@gmail.com
A. K. Chakravarty:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; ak_chakravarty@yahoo.co.in
Avtar Singh:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; avtar54@gmail.com
Arpan Upadhyay:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; upadhyay.arpan@gmail.com
Manvendra Singh:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; manav21vet@gmail.com
Saleem Yousuf:
Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; saleemyousuf57155@gmail.com
Received: 15-10-2015, Revised: 12-01-2016, Accepted: 19-01-2016,
Published online: 05-03-2016
Corresponding author:
Soumya Dash, e-mail: soumya.agb@gmail.com
Citation:
Dash S, Chakravarty AK, Singh A, Upadhyay A, Singh M, Yousuf S
(2016) Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of
dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review,
Veterinary World, 9(3):
235-244.
Abstract
Heat stress has adverse effects on the reproductive performances
of dairy cattle and buffaloes. The dairy sector is a more
vulnerable to global warming and climate change. The temperature
humidity index (THI) is the widely used index to measure the
magnitude of heat stress in animals. The bjective of this paper
was to assess the decline in performances of reproductive traits
such as service period, conception rate and pregnancy rate of
dairy cattle and buffaloes with respect to increase in THI. The
review stated that service period in cattle is affected by
season of calving for which cows calved in summer had the
longest service period. The conception rate and pregnancy rate
in dairy cattle were found decreased above THI 72 while a
significant decline in reproductive performances of buffaloes
was observed above threshold THI 75. The non-heat stress zone (HSZ)
(October to March) is favorable for optimum reproductive
performance, while fertility is depressed in HSZ (April to
September) and critical HSZ (CHSZ) (May and June). Heat stress
in animals has been associated with reduced fertility through
its deleterious impact on oocyte maturation and early embryo
development. The management strategies
viz.,
nutrition modification, environment modification and timed
artificial insemination protocol are to be strictly operated to
ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress in cattle and
buffaloes during CHSZ to improve their fertility. The
identification of genes associated with heat tolerance, its
incorporation into breeding program and the inclusion of THI
covariate effects in selection index should be targeted for
genetic evaluation of dairy animals in the hot climate.
Keywords:
buffaloes, cattle, heat stress zone, reproductive traits,
temperature humidity index.
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