Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 11-05-2016)
7.
Influence of combinations of fenugreek,
garlic, and black pepper powder on production traits of the
broilers -
A. Kirubakaran, M. Moorthy, R. Chitra and G. Prabakar
Veterinary World, 9(5): 470-474
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.470-474
A. Kirubakaran:
Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Erode - 638
004, Tamil Nadu, India; kirubavet@yahoo.co.in
M. Moorthy:
Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College and Research
Institute, Namakkal - 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; m.moorthy@tanuvas.org.in
R. Chitra:
Department of Animal Husbandry Statistics and Computer
Applications, Veterinary College and Research Institute,
Namakkal - 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; chitra@tanuvas.org.in
G. Prabakar:
Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College and Research
Institute, Namakkal - 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India; prabavet@gmail.com
Received: 09-09-2015, Accepted: 06-04-2016, Published online:
11-05-2016
Corresponding author:
A. Kirubakaran, e-mail: kirubavet@yahoo.co.in
Citation:
Kirubakaran A, Moorthy M, Chitra R, Prabakar G (2016) Influence
of combinations of fenugreek, garlic, and black pepper powder on
production traits of the broilers,
Veterinary World, 9(5):
470-474.
Abstract
Aim:
To study the effects of combinations of fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum
L.), garlic (Allium
sativum),
and black pepper (Piper
nigrum)
powder supplementation on production traits of broiler chickens.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 288 commercial broiler chicks were randomly assigned
to 1-9 groups with 4 replicates each. An experiment was
conducted in broilers with different feed formulations; control
feed, with no added fenugreek, garlic, and black pepper powder;
and 8 treatment groups receiving feed supplemented with
different combinations of fenugreek, garlic, and black pepper
powder. The individual broilers’ body weight and feed
consumption were recorded and calculate the body weight gain and
feed conversion ratio (FCR).
Results:
Broiler’s weight gain and FCR were significantly higher in
groups receiving feed supplemented with garlic and black pepper
powder combinations (p<0.01). Cumulative feed consumption was
significantly higher in groups receiving feed supplemented with
garlic and black pepper powder combinations (p<0.01).
Conclusion:
The combination of garlic and black pepper powder supplemented
broiler feed fed groups showed higher production performance.
The 5 g/kg garlic powder+1 g/kg black pepper powder and 10 g/kg
garlic powder+2 g/kg black pepper powder significantly improved
the weight gain and FCR.
Keywords:
black pepper, body weight, feed conversion ratio, fenugreek,
garlic.
References
|
1. Tipu, M.A., Akhtar, M.S., Anjum, M.I. and Raja, M.L.
(2006) New dimension of medicinal plants as animal feed.
Pak. Vet. J., 26: 144-148. |
|
|
|
2. Mamoun, T., Mukhtar, M.A. and Tabidi, M.H. (2014) Effect
of fenugreek seed powder on the performance, carcass
characteristics and some blood serum attributes. Adv. Res.
Agric. Vet. Sci., 1(1): 6-11. |
|
|
|
3. Duru, M., Erdogan, Z., Duru, A., Kuçukgul, A., Duzguner,
V., Kaya, D.A. and Sahin, A. (2013) Effect of seed powder of
an herbal legume fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) on
growth performance, body components, digestive parts, and
blood parameters of broiler chicks. J. Zool., 45(4):
1007-1014. |
|
|
|
4. Safaei, A., Rahanjam, S.M. and Gharajanlu, M. (2013)
Effect of foenum-graecum on immune response and some blood
parameters of broilers. Sch. J. Agric. Sci., 3(4): 117-120. |
|
|
5. Issa, K.J. and Omar, J.M.A. (2012) Effect of garlic
powder on performance and lipid profile of broilers. Open J.
Anim. Sci., 2(2): 62-68.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2012.22010 |
|
|
6. Oladele, O.A., Emikpe, B.O. and Bakare, H. (2012) Effect
of dietary Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) supplementation on
body weight and gut morphometry of commercial broilers. Int.
J. Morphol., 30(1): 238-240.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022012000100042 |
|
|
7. Suriya, R., Zulkifli, I. and Alimon, A.R. (2012) The
effect of dietary inclusion of herbs as growth promoter in
broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11(3): 346-350.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.346.350 |
|
|
8. Elagib, H.A.A., El-Amin, W.I.A., Elamin, K.M. and Malik,
H.E.E. (2013) Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum)
supplementation as feed additive on broiler performance and
blood profile. Anim. Sci. Adv., 3(2): 58-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jasa.20130219104029 |
|
|
|
9. Tazi, S.M.E., Mukhtar, M.A., Mohamed, K.A. and Tabidi,
M.H. (2014) Effect of using black pepper as natural feed
additive on performance and carcass quality of broiler
chicks. J. Pharm. Res. Anal., 4(2): 108-113. |
|
|
|
10. Ademola, S.G. (2004) Growth, hematological and
biochemical studies on garlic and ginger-fed broiler
chicken. Moor J. Agric. Res., 5(2): 122-128. |
|
|
|
11. Doley, S., Gupta, J.J. and Reddy, P.B. (2009) Effect of
supplementation of ginger, garlic and turmeric in broiler
chicken. Indian Vet. J., 86: 644-645. |
|
|
|
12. A.O.A.C. (1995) Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington,
Virgina, USA. |
|
|
|
13. B.I.S. (1992) Nutrient Requirement for Poultry. Bureau
of Indian Standards, I.S., New Delhi. |
|
|
14. Wolfe, K., Wu, X. and Liu, R.H. (2003) Antioxidant
activity of apple peels. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 609-614.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020782a
PMid:12537430 |
|
|
|
15. Singleton, V. and Rossi, J.A. (1965) Colorimetry of
total phenolics with phosphomolybdic - Phosphotungstic acid
reagents. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 16(3): 144-158. |
|
|
|
16. Shivakumar, B.S., Ramaiah, M., Hema, M.R., Vijay Kumar,
M. and Vaidya, V.P. (2012) Quantitative determination of
total content of phenol, flavonoid and tannin in leaf
extract of Barlaria Buxifolia Linn. Am. J. PharmTech. Res.,
2(5): 418-422. |
|
|
17. Sellappan, S. and Akoh, C.C. 2002) Flavonoids and
antioxidant capacity of Georgia grown Vidalia onions. J.
Agric. Food Chem., 50(19): 5338-5342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020333a
PMid:12207471 |
|
|
18. McDonald, S., Prenzler, P.D., Antolovich, M. and
Robards, K. (2001) Phenolic content and antioxidant activity
of olive extracts. Food Chem., 73: 73-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00288-0 |
|
|
|
19. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C.
(2002) Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by
two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal.,
10: 78-182. |
|
|
|
20. Meraj, I.C.A. (1998) Effect of garlic and neem leaves
supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. M.Sc.,
Thesis, Department of Poultry Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakisthan. |
|
|
|
21. Geetha, M., Suneel, K.R., Krupanidhi, A.M.,
Muralikrishna, K.S., Avin, A.P. and Prashanth, P. (2011)
Effect of fenugreek on total body and organ weights: A study
on mice. Pharm. Online, 3: 747-752. |
|
|
|
22. Mansoub, N.H. (2011) Comparison of using different level
of black pepper with probiotic on performance and serum
composition of broiler chickens. J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res.,
1(11): 2425-2428. |
|
|
|
23. Akbarian, A., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Gilani, A.
and Moradi, S. (2012) Influence of turmeric rhizome and
black pepper on blood constituents and performance of
broiler chickens. J. Biotechnol., 11(34): 8606-8611. |
|
|
|
24. Shahverdi, A., Kheiri, F., Faghani, M., Rahimian, Y. and
Rafiee, A. (2013) The effect of use red pepper (Capsicum
annum L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on performance
and hematological parameters of broiler chicks. Eur. J. Zoo
Res., 2(6): 44-48. |
|
|
|
25. Ghaedi, H., Nasr, J., Kheiri, F., Miri, Y. and Rahimian,
Y. (2013) Effect of use virginiamycin as probiotic, black
pepper extract as phytogenic feed additive on performance of
broiler chicks. Sch. J. Agric. Sci., 3(12): 521-525. |
|
|
|
26. Al-Kassie, G.A.M., Mamdooh, A.M.A. and Saba, J.A. (2011)
Use of black pepper (Piper nigrum) as feed additive in
broilers diet. Res Opin Anim. Vet. Sci., 1(3): 169-173. |
|
|
|
27. Valiollahi, M.R., Rahimian, Y., Miri, Y. and Rafiee, A.
(2013) Effect use ginger (Zingiber officinale), black pepper
(Piper Nigrum L) powders on performance, some blood
parameters and antibody titer against new castle vaccine on
broiler chicks. Sch. J. Agric. Sci., 3(12): 535-540. |
|
|
28. Elkhair, R.A., Ahmed, H.A. and Selim, S. (2014) Effects
of black pepper (Piper nigrum), turmeric powder (Curcuma
longa) and coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum) and their
combinations as feed additives on growth performance,
carcass traits, some blood parameters and humoral immune
response of broiler chickens. Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci.,
27(6): 847-854.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13644
PMid:25050023 PMCid:PMC4093167 |
|
|
|
29. Raeesi, M., Aliabad, S.A.H., Roofchaee, A., Shahneh,
A.Z. and Pirali, S. (2010) Effect of periodically use of
garlic (Allium sativum) powder on performance and carcass
characteristics in broiler chickens. World Acad. Sci. Eng.
Technol., 68: 1213-1219. |
|
