Open Access
Research
(Published
online: 28-11-2016)
24.
Occurrence and antimicrobial
resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella
spp. in retail raw table eggs sold for human consumption in
Enugu state, Nigeria -
O. Josephine Okorie-Kanu, E. Vivienne Ezenduka, C. Onwuchokwe
Okorie-Kanu, L. Chinweokwu Ugwu
and U. John Nnamani
Veterinary World, 9(11): 1312-1319
doi:
10.14202/vetworld.2016.1312-1319
O. Josephine Okorie-Kanu :
Department of
Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State,
Nigeria; onyinyeok@yahoo.com
E. Vivienne Ezenduka :
Department of
Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State,
Nigeria; ekene.ezenduka@unn.edu.ng
C. Onwuchokwe Okorie-Kanu :
Department of
Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,
Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; drcokoriekanu@yahoo.co.uk
L. Chinweokwu Ugwu :
Department of
Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State,
Nigeria; ugwulinda@yahoo.com
U. John Nnamani :
Department of
Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State,
Nigeria; ugojohn84@gmail.com
Received: 17-05-2016, Accepted: 24-10-2016, Published online:
28-11-2016
Corresponding author:
O. Josephine
Okorie-Kanu, e-mail: onyinyeok@yahoo.com
Citation:
Okorie-Kanu OJ, Ezenduka EV, Okorie-Kanu CO, Ugwu LC, Nnamani UJ
(2016) Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of pathogeic
Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in retail raw
table eggs sold for human consumption in Enugu state, Nigeria,
Veterinary World, 9(11): 1312-1319.
Abstract
Aim:
This study was
conducted to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic
Escherichia coli and Salmonella species in retail raw
table eggs sold for human consumption in Enugu State and to
determine the resistance of these pathogens to antimicrobials
commonly used in human and veterinary practices in Nigeria.
Materials and
Methods:
A total of 340 raw
table eggs comprising 68 composite samples (5 eggs per composite
sample) were collected from five selected farms (13 composite
samples from the farms) and 10 retail outlets (55 composite
samples from the retail outlets) in the study area over a period
of 4-month (March-June, 2014). The eggs were screened for
pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella species following
standard procedures within 24 h of sample collection. Isolates
obtained were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial
susceptibility test with 15 commonly used antimicrobials using the
disk diffusion method.
Results:
About 37
(54.4%) and 7 (10.3%) of the 68 composite samples were positive
for pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella species,
respectively. The shells showed significantly higher (p<0.05)
contaminations than the contents for both microorganisms. The eggs
from the farms showed higher contamination with pathogenic E.
coli than eggs from the retail outlets while the reverse was
the case for Salmonella species even though they were not
significant (p>0.05). The organisms obtained showed a multiple
drug resistance. They were completely resistant to nitrofurantoin,
sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, penicillin G and oxacillin. In
addition to these, Salmonella spp. also showed 100%
resistance to tetracycline. The pathogenic E. coli isolates
obtained were 100% susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin,
ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Salmonella
spp. showed 100% susceptibility to erythromycin, neomycin, and
rifampicin. Both organisms showed varying degrees of resistance to
streptomycin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, and doxycycline.
Conclusion:
From
the results of the study, it can be concluded that the raw table
eggs marketed for human consumption in Enugu State, Nigeria is
contaminated with pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella
species that showed multiple drug resistance to antimicrobial
agents commonly used in veterinary and human practice.
Keywords:
antimicrobial agents, farms, pathogenic Escherichia coli,
retail outlets, Salmonella species, table eggs.
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