Vet World Vol.14 August-2021 Article-5
Research Article
Veterinary World, 14(8): 2016-2022
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2016-2022
Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice
2. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.
3. Department of Opthalmology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
4. Master Program on Immunology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Campus B, Jl. Darmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 30, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
5. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karya Putra Bangsa Institute of Health Science, Jalan Raya Tulungagung-Blitar Km 4, Tulungagung 66291, Indonesia.
6. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Marwadewa, Jl. Terompong No.24, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia.
7. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus A, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 47, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia.
8. Department of Clinical Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
Background and Aim: Some individuals in Indonesia consume intact goat gallbladder to prevent and treat malaria. The acute and subacute toxicity tests of goat bile (GB) have shown mild diarrhea in mice. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of GB on parasitemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and blood biochemistry to assess liver and kidney function in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA.
Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and divided into five groups. Mice in three groups were administered 0.5 mL of 25%, 50%, or 100% of GB by gavage. Animals in Group 4 were administered 187.2 mg/kg BW of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine phosphate as a positive control (POS Group). Mice in fifth group were administered sterile water as negative (NEG) controls. Further, 30 uninfected mice were divided into groups 6-8 and administered GB as were mice in the first three groups. Group 9 included 10 uninfected and untreated animals as healthy controls. Treatments were administered in a 4-day suppressive test followed by daily observation of Giemsa-stained blood smears. On day 7, mice were sacrificed to measure the length and weight of spleens and livers, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine.
Results: GB suppressed parasitemia but did not affect the size and weight of spleens or livers or plasma levels of AST and ALT compared to uninfected GB-treated and healthy control animals. Conversely, plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were suppressed and remained in the normal range in all groups of mice.
Conclusion: GB suppresses parasitemia with no significant impact on hepatic enzymes in GB-treated infected mice. Liver dysfunction in GB-treated infected mice was due to P. berghei rather than GB treatment. Keywords: blood biochemistry, goat bile, hepatomegaly, malaria, splenomegaly, suppressive effect.
Keywords: blood biochemistry, goat bile, hepatomegaly, malaria, splenomegaly, suppressive effect.
How to cite this article: Arwati H, Bahalwan RR, Hapsari WT, Wardhani KA, Aini KN, Apsari PIB, Wardhani P (2021) Suppressive effect of goat bile in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice, Veterinary World, 14(8): 2016-2022.
Received: 15-03-2021 Accepted: 21-06-2021 Published online: 06-08-2021
Corresponding author: Heny Arwati E-mail: heny-a@fk.unair.ac.id
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2016-2022
Copyright: Arwati, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.