Vet World Vol.14 May-2021 Article-21
Review Article
Veterinary World, 14(5): 1220-1233
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1220-1233
Semen extenders: An evaluative overview of preservative mechanisms of semen and semen extenders
2. Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa 54003, Najaf, Iraq.
Background and Aim: Reproduction is fundamental for all living things as it ensures the continued existence of a species and an improved economy in animal husbandry. Reproduction has developed since history, and diverse processes, such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, have been developed. Semen extenders were discovered and developed to protect sperm from harmful factors, such as freeze and osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and cell injury by ice crystals. Semen extenders preserve sperm by stabilizing its properties, including sperm morphology, motility, and viability and membrane, acrosomal, and DNA integrity. Therefore, semen extenders must provide a favorable pH, adenosine triphosphate, anti-cooling and anti-freeze shock, and antioxidant activity to improve semen quality for fertilization. Hence, this review provides precise data on different semen extenders, preservative mechanisms, and essential additives for semen extenders in different animals.
Keywords: additives to semen extenders, artificial insemination, cryopreservation, egg yolk-based extenders, lipid peroxidation, semen extenders.
How to cite this article: Bustani GS, Baiee FH (2021) Semen extenders: An evaluative overview of preservative mechanisms of semen and semen extenders, Veterinary World, 14(5): 1220-1233.
Received: 19-12-2020 Accepted: 25-03-2021 Published online: 20-05-2021
Corresponding author: Ghadeer Sabah Bustani E-mail: bustani@iunajaf.edu.iq
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1220-1233
Copyright: Bustani and Baiee, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.