Vet World Vol.15 July-2022 Article-3
Research Article
Veterinary World, 15(7): 1617-1623
https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.1617-1623
Immunogenicity of a newly developed vaccine against Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in rabbits and cattle
2. Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Jordan.
3. Department of Research and development, Biotechnology Research Center, 23 July St., Industrial Zone, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt.
Background and Aim: Clostridium perfringens type A is an anaerobic bacterium that produces four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota) that cause various diseases. Most of the important C. perfringens-associated diseases of farm animals are caused by alpha-toxin. This study aimed to produce a vaccine against alpha-toxin using C. perfringens type A (ATCC 13124) and investigate its potency, stability, and safety.
Materials and Methods: The vaccine was formulated of its constituents for 1 h. Each milliliter of the final vaccine product contained alpha toxoid 15 lecithovitellinase activity (Lv) by adding (0.375 mL containing 40 Lv) and approximately 0.2 mL from 3% concentrated aluminum hydroxide gel, <0.001% W/V thiomersal, <0.05% W/V formaldehyde, and nearly 0.425 mL phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2). The vaccine efficacy was evaluated in rabbits and cattle by performing potency, stability, and safety tests.
Results: The vaccine produced approximately 8.8 and 4.9 IU/mL neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and cattle, respectively. These concentrations were higher than the lowest concentration recommended by various international protocols and the United States Department of Agriculture by 2.20-fold in rabbits and 1.23-fold in cattle. Interestingly, the formulated vaccine enhanced immune responses by 1.80-fold in rabbits compared with that in cattle; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The vaccine was stable for 30 months. In vaccinated rabbits, the body temperature slightly increased temporarily during the first 10 h of vaccination; however, the temperature difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study describes a manufacturing process to obtain sufficient amounts of a vaccine against C. perfringens alpha-toxin. The formulated vaccine effectively elicited a higher level of neutralizing antibody response than the international standards. Furthermore, the vaccine was found to be stable, safe, and effective in preventing C. perfringens-related diseases in rabbits and cattle. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccine in other farm animals. Keywords: alpha-toxin, Clostridium perfringens A, potency, safety, stability, toxoid.
Keywords: alpha-toxin, Clostridium perfringens A, potency, safety, stability, toxoid.
How to cite this article: Saadh MJ, Lafi FF, Dahadha AA, Albannan MS (2022) Immunogenicity of a newly developed vaccine against Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in rabbits and cattle, Veterinary World, 15(7): 1617-1623.
Received: 18-02-2022 Accepted: 25-05-2022 Published online: 07-07-2022
Corresponding author: Mohamed J. Saadh E-mail: msaadeh@meu.edu.jo
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1617-1623
Copyright: Saadh, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.