Lack of association between coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) and the coding regions of the MC1R and KIT genes

Vet World Vol.16 June-2023 Article-18

Research Article

Veterinary World, 16(6): 1312-1318

https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1312-1318

Jakaria Jakaria¹, Kholijah Kholijah¹, Sri Darwati¹, Qonita Rahman¹, Winni Liani Daulay¹, Ikhsan Suhendro¹, I. Made Londra², Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum³, and Ronny Rachman Noor¹

1. Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
2. Agricultural Technology Study Center (BPTP), JL. By Pass Ngurah Rai, Pesanggaran, Denpasar Selatan 80222, Bali, Indonesia.
3. Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Coat color variations in cattle are known to be influenced by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) genes. The presence of coat color abnormalities, such as white spots and albinism, in Bali cattle was the focus of this study. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT associated with coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle.

Materials and Methods: The study included the analysis of 48 Bali cattle, including 20 individuals with standard coat color, 15 with white spots, and 13 with albinism. Total DNA was extracted using a DNA Extraction Kit, and MC1R (coding region) and KIT (exons 2 and 3) gene amplifications were analyzed using forward and reverse primers with polymerase chain reaction product lengths of 1071, 234, and 448 bp, respectively. The determination of MC1R and KIT gene diversity was analyzed through direct sequencing. Melanocortin 1 receptor and KIT gene sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit and MEGA6 to identify SNPs associated with standard and abnormal coat color phenotypes (white-spotted and albino) in Bali cattle.

Results: No SNPs associated with coat color abnormalities were found in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT genes in Bali cattle. However, the intron two regions of KIT contained the SNP g.70208534A>G, which showed a high degree of diversity. The AA genotype frequency was highest in albino Bali cattle, whereas the G allele frequency was highest and the A allele frequency was lowest in white-spotted Bali cattle.

Conclusion: The results indicated that standard, white-spotted, and albino coat colors in Bali cattle could not be distinguished by analyzing the MC1R and KIT genes. Keywords: Bali cattle, coat color, KIT gene, melanocortin 1 receptor gene, single-nucleotide polymorphism.

Keywords: Bali cattle, coat color, KIT gene, melanocortin 1 receptor gene, single-nucleotide polymorphism.

How to cite this article: Jakaria J, Kholijah K, Darwati S, Rahman Q, Daulay WL, Suhendro I, Londra IM, Ulum MF, and Noor RR (2023) Lack of association between coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle (

Received: 31-01-2023 Accepted: 18-05-2023 Published online: 13-06-2023

Corresponding author: Jakaria Jakaria E-mail: jakaria@apps.ipb.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1312-1318

Copyright: Jakaria, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.