Vet World   Vol.17   March  Article - 26 

Synergistic modulation of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: The therapeutic potential of Elephantopus scaber and Sauropus androgynus ethanol extract

Muhammad Sasmito Djati^1,2, Yuyun Ika Christina^1,2, Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti^1,2, and Sri Rahayu¹

Background and Aim: Elephantopus scaber (ES) and Sauropus androgynus (SA) have broad biological effects and have long been used in traditional medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of the combination of ES and SA have not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of ES and SA ethanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and cytokines.

Materials and Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells was assessed using the Griess protocol. The effects of the combination of ES and SA ethanol extract on RAW 264.7 cell viability were determined using WST-1 (4-[3-(4-Iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitro-phenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene sulfonate) assay. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-β), as well as the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were assessed using flow cytometry.

Results: This study demonstrated that ES and SA have excellent NO, iNOS, and proinflammatory inhibitory activities on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The formula ratio of 2ES:1SA showed the best NO inhibitory activity without any cytotoxicity, whereas the higher dose of SA (1ES:2SA) showed the best suppression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.

Conclusion: The combination of ES and SA ethanol extract could be an alternative agent for reducing excessive inflammation in inflammatory diseases.

Keywords: Elephantopus scaber, inflammation, macrophage, nitric oxide, proinflammatory cytokines, Sauropus androgynous.

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How to cite this article: Djati MS, Christina YI, Dwijayanti DR, and Rahayu S (2024) Synergistic modulation of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: The therapeutic potential of Elephantopus scaber and Sauropus androgynus ethanol extract, Veterinary World, 17(3): 728-734.

Received: 10-12-2023    Accepted: 01-03-2024    Published online: 25-03-2024

Corresponding author: Muhammad Sasmito Djati    E-mail: msdjati@ub.ac.id

DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.728-734

Copyright: Djati, et al. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.